Per a court order, HHS is required to restore this website to its version as of 12:00 AM on January 29, 2025. Information on this page may be modified and/or removed in the future subject to the terms of the court’s order and implemented consistent with applicable law. Any information on this page promoting gender ideology is extremely inaccurate and disconnected from truth. The Trump Administration rejects gender ideology due to the harms and divisiveness it causes. This page does not reflect reality and therefore the Administration and this Department reject it.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Reduce the proportion of children with a parent or guardian who has served time in jail or prison — SDOH‑05 Data

National Status: Improving

  
Learn more about our data release schedule

Most Recent Data:
6.0 percent (2022-23)

National Target:
5.2 percent

Desired Direction:
Decrease desired

National Baseline:
7.6 percent of children aged 17 years and under had ever experienced a parent or guardian serving time in jail or prison in 2016-17 1

Disparities data are only available for some selections.

View CI in the chart by hovering over a data point.

View SE in the chart by hovering over a data point.

Confidence Interval (CI) not available Standard Error (SE) not available Confidence Interval (CI) and Standard Error (SE) are not available

Display data for:

Children of incarcerated parents, 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
Total
7.6
CI 7.2 / 8.1
SE 0.229
7.5
CI 7.1 / 8.0
SE 0.234
6.4
CI 6.1 / 6.8
SE 0.182
6.0
CI 5.7 / 6.3
SE 0.157

Children of incarcerated parents by Sex, 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
Male
7.9
CI 7.3 / 8.6
SE 0.337
7.0
CI 6.4 / 7.6
SE 0.297
6.7
CI 6.3 / 7.2
SE 0.252
5.9
CI 5.5 / 6.3
SE 0.214
Female
7.2
CI 6.7 / 7.9
SE 0.310
8.1
CI 7.4 / 8.9
SE 0.363
6.1
CI 5.6 / 6.6
SE 0.262
6.2
CI 5.8 / 6.7
SE 0.229

Children of incarcerated parents by Race/Ethnicity, 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
American Indian or Alaska Native only
14.8
CI 10.5 / 20.4
SE 2.520
14.5
CI 10.5 / 19.8
SE 2.344
12.6
CI 9.7 / 16.3
SE 1.654
14.9
CI 11.8 / 18.7
SE 1.763
Asian only
1.4
CI 0.7 / 2.8
SE 0.497
2.0
CI 0.7 / 5.8
SE 1.113
0.8
CI 0.4 / 1.3
SE 0.213
1.0
CI 0.6 / 1.6
SE 0.243
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander only
6.4
CI 3.4 / 11.6
SE 2.009
4.3
CI 2.2 / 8.0
SE 1.382
2.8
CI 1.4 / 5.5
SE 0.988
5.4
CI 3.0 / 9.6
SE 1.599
Black or African American only
14.5
CI 12.8 / 16.5
SE 0.935
13.7
CI 12.1 / 15.6
SE 0.900
11.3
CI 10.0 / 12.8
SE 0.724
10.5
CI 9.3 / 11.7
SE 0.605
White only
6.2
CI 5.8 / 6.7
SE 0.225
6.3
CI 5.9 / 6.8
SE 0.236
5.5
CI 5.1 / 5.9
SE 0.193
5.2
CI 4.9 / 5.6
SE 0.173
2 or more races
11.2
CI 9.3 / 13.5
SE 1.068
10.5
CI 8.7 / 12.6
SE 1.005
9.5
CI 8.2 / 11.1
SE 0.725
7.4
CI 6.4 / 8.5
SE 0.532
Hispanic or Latino
6.8
CI 5.9 / 7.8
SE 0.495
6.6
CI 5.6 / 7.8
SE 0.569
5.4
CI 4.6 / 6.2
SE 0.418
5.6
CI 4.9 / 6.3
SE 0.363
Not Hispanic or Latino
7.9
CI 7.4 / 8.4
SE 0.256
7.9
CI 7.4 / 8.4
SE 0.244
6.8
CI 6.4 / 7.2
SE 0.196
6.2
CI 5.9 / 6.5
SE 0.168
American Indian or Alaska Native only, not Hispanic or Latino
19.2
CI 13.5 / 26.7
SE 3.385
19.9
CI 14.8 / 26.2
SE 2.911
18.4
CI 14.3 / 23.2
SE 2.266
19.6
CI 15.2 / 25.0
SE 2.518
Asian only, not Hispanic or Latino
1.0
CI 0.4 / 2.7
SE 0.505
0.9
CI 0.5 / 1.5
SE 0.248
0.6
CI 0.3 / 1.0
SE 0.158
0.7
CI 0.4 / 1.3
SE 0.215
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander only, not Hispanic or Latino
6.8
CI 3.5 / 13.0
SE 2.306
6.4
CI 2.8 / 14.1
SE 2.674
6.6
CI 2.0 / 19.8
SE 3.927
9.3
CI 5.1 / 16.6
SE 2.850
Black or African American only, not Hispanic or Latino
14.5
CI 12.7 / 16.5
SE 0.972
14.1
CI 12.3 / 16.0
SE 0.946
11.3
CI 9.9 / 12.8
SE 0.739
10.8
CI 9.6 / 12.1
SE 0.649
White only, not Hispanic or Latino
6.2
CI 5.7 / 6.6
SE 0.234
6.4
CI 6.0 / 6.9
SE 0.235
5.7
CI 5.3 / 6.1
SE 0.192
5.2
CI 4.9 / 5.5
SE 0.167
2 or more races, not Hispanic or Latino
12.5
CI 10.1 / 15.3
SE 1.315
11.6
CI 9.7 / 13.9
SE 1.073
10.4
CI 8.8 / 12.3
SE 0.893
7.5
CI 6.4 / 8.8
SE 0.603

Children of incarcerated parents by Age group, 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
0-5 years
4.1
CI 3.5 / 4.7
SE 0.313
4.0
CI 3.5 / 4.6
SE 0.290
3.6
CI 3.1 / 4.1
SE 0.267
3.0
CI 2.6 / 3.4
SE 0.205
6-11 years
9.0
CI 8.2 / 9.9
SE 0.453
8.4
CI 7.6 / 9.3
SE 0.440
6.5
CI 5.9 / 7.1
SE 0.303
6.3
CI 5.7 / 6.8
SE 0.277
12-17 years
9.5
CI 8.8 / 10.4
SE 0.401
10.0
CI 9.1 / 10.9
SE 0.445
9.0
CI 8.3 / 9.7
SE 0.357
8.4
CI 7.8 / 9.0
SE 0.303

Children of incarcerated parents by Educational attainment (of most highly educated adult, 25 years and over), 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
Less than High school
10.8
CI 8.9 / 13.1
SE 1.051
10.7
CI 8.6 / 13.2
SE 1.181
8.0
CI 6.4 / 9.9
SE 0.889
8.0
CI 6.6 / 9.7
SE 0.788
High school
13.6
CI 12.2 / 15.2
SE 0.746
14.0
CI 12.6 / 15.5
SE 0.739
12.3
CI 11.2 / 13.5
SE 0.584
11.4
CI 10.4 / 12.5
SE 0.527
Some college or Associate degree
10.5
CI 9.5 / 11.6
SE 0.538
11.1
CI 10.0 / 12.2
SE 0.557
10.1
CI 9.2 / 11.0
SE 0.451
9.5
CI 8.8 / 10.4
SE 0.404
4-year college degree or more
3.1
CI 2.7 / 3.5
SE 0.182
3.0
CI 2.6 / 3.4
SE 0.188
2.6
CI 2.3 / 2.9
SE 0.152
2.7
CI 2.5 / 3.0
SE 0.135

Children of incarcerated parents by Family income (percent poverty threshold), 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
<100
13.7
CI 12.2 / 15.2
SE 0.761
15.1
CI 13.5 / 16.8
SE 0.846
12.2
CI 11.0 / 13.6
SE 0.676
11.7
CI 10.6 / 13.0
SE 0.589
100-199
10.4
CI 9.2 / 11.7
SE 0.635
11.0
CI 9.7 / 12.4
SE 0.679
8.8
CI 8.0 / 9.8
SE 0.442
9.1
CI 8.3 / 9.9
SE 0.422
200-399
6.4
CI 5.6 / 7.3
SE 0.419
5.7
CI 5.0 / 6.4
SE 0.352
5.9
CI 5.3 / 6.6
SE 0.326
5.3
CI 4.8 / 5.9
SE 0.268
400+
2.6
CI 2.1 / 3.0
SE 0.224
2.3
CI 2.0 / 2.6
SE 0.162
2.0
CI 1.7 / 2.3
SE 0.172
1.9
CI 1.6 / 2.2
SE 0.137

Children of incarcerated parents by Health insurance status, 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
Insured
7.5
CI 7.0 / 7.9
SE 0.234
7.5
CI 7.0 / 8.0
SE 0.244
6.3
CI 5.9 / 6.7
SE 0.180
5.9
CI 5.6 / 6.2
SE 0.158
Private
2.7
CI 2.4 / 3.0
SE 0.168
2.5
CI 2.2 / 2.7
SE 0.141
2.2
CI 1.9 / 2.5
SE 0.135
1.8
CI 1.6 / 2.0
SE 0.101
Public
15.2
CI 14.1 / 16.3
SE 0.556
16.0
CI 14.8 / 17.2
SE 0.608
13.4
CI 12.6 / 14.3
SE 0.435
13.1
CI 12.3 / 13.8
SE 0.391
Uninsured
9.3
CI 7.4 / 11.5
SE 1.026
8.2
CI 6.8 / 9.9
SE 0.809
7.9
CI 6.1 / 10.1
SE 1.005
7.6
CI 6.1 / 9.4
SE 0.820

Children of incarcerated parents by Geographic location, 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
Metropolitan
7.1
CI 6.6 / 7.6
SE 0.246
7.0
CI 6.5 / 7.5
SE 0.252
5.9
CI 5.5 / 6.3
SE 0.196
5.4
CI 5.1 / 5.7
SE 0.161
Non-metropolitan
11.6
CI 10.5 / 12.8
SE 0.602
11.7
CI 10.6 / 13.0
SE 0.603
10.4
CI 9.5 / 11.3
SE 0.471
10.7
CI 9.7 / 11.8
SE 0.538

Children of incarcerated parents by Marital status (of parents, 18 years and over), 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
Married/​Cohabiting partner
3.4
CI 3.0 / 3.7
SE 0.174
3.4
CI 3.1 / 3.7
SE 0.162
2.9
CI 2.6 / 3.2
SE 0.142
2.8
CI 2.5 / 3.0
SE 0.119
Divorced, separated, widowed
15.9
CI 14.1 / 17.7
SE 0.911
15.7
CI 13.7 / 18.0
SE 1.078
12.4
CI 11.0 / 14.0
SE 0.777
12.6
CI 11.3 / 14.1
SE 0.708
Never married
18.8
CI 16.2 / 21.6
SE 1.380
21.3
CI 18.8 / 24.1
SE 1.350
18.6
CI 16.5 / 21.0
SE 1.145
17.5
CI 15.6 / 19.6
SE 1.032

Children of incarcerated parents by Country of birth (of parents), 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
US
7.6
CI 7.0 / 8.1
SE 0.270
7.7
CI 7.1 / 8.2
SE 0.274
6.4
CI 6.0 / 6.9
SE 0.219
6.2
CI 5.9 / 6.6
SE 0.193
Outside US
2.4
CI 1.9 / 3.0
SE 0.286
2.2
CI 1.7 / 2.8
SE 0.272
2.2
CI 1.7 / 2.8
SE 0.270
2.0
CI 1.6 / 2.5
SE 0.226

Children of incarcerated parents by Veteran status (of parents, 20 years and over), 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
Veteran
DNA
5.1
CI 4.0 / 6.5
SE 0.621
4.2
CI 3.4 / 5.2
SE 0.454
4.1
CI 3.2 / 5.1
SE 0.479
Non-veteran
DNA
6.2
CI 5.8 / 6.7
SE 0.227
5.3
CI 4.9 / 5.6
SE 0.184
5.1
CI 4.8 / 5.4
SE 0.159

Children of incarcerated parents by Disability status, 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
Disability status
DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA

Children of incarcerated parents by Special health care needs, 2016-17 to 2022-23 ◊
(percent)
Decrease desired

Population 2016-17 2018-19 2020-21 2022-23
Yes
13.2
CI 12.1 / 14.3
SE 0.566
12.9
CI 11.9 / 14.0
SE 0.543
11.7
CI 10.9 / 12.7
SE 0.461
11.2
CI 10.5 / 12.1
SE 0.397
No
5.8
CI 5.3 / 6.3
SE 0.239
5.8
CI 5.3 / 6.3
SE 0.252
4.7
CI 4.4 / 5.1
SE 0.187
4.2
CI 3.9 / 4.5
SE 0.155

Disparity